¿Cuáles son las causas de la decoloración de la piel?

La decoloración de la piel es a menudo el resultado de tomar demasiado sol, pero también, por ejemplo, de tomar medicamentos hormonales. ¿Cuáles son las causas individuales de la decoloración y cómo contrarrestarlas?

Decoloración solar en la piel

Una de las causas más comunes de la decoloración de la piel es tomar el sol en exceso. La influencia de los rayos UV del sol, así como el uso de una cama de bronceado, pueden alterar la producción de melanina.

En este caso, la decoloración en la piel toma la apariencia de pequeñas manchas de forma redonda.

Las personas mayores de 40 años son las más vulnerables a la decoloración solar. Las manchas aparecen en los lugares más expuestos al sol: la cara, el escote, la espalda o los antebrazos.

Decoloración hormonal

Además de la decoloración asociada a la exposición al sol, también vemos manchas de pigmentación provocadas por trastornos hormonales. ¡Se estima que afectan al 30% de las mujeres mayores de 30 años y hasta al 90% mayores de 50 años!

Estos tipos de decoloración de la piel son causados con mayor frecuencia por niveles anormales de estrógeno y progesterona. Las píldoras anticonceptivas y ciertas condiciones médicas como la inflamación de los ovarios y las trompas de Falopio y el síndrome de ovario poliquístico SOP también pueden contribuir.

La decoloración hormonal en la piel suele tener la apariencia de cloasma, es decir, pequeñas manchas con formas irregulares y bordes borrosos.

Acné y manchas inflamatorias

Otra causa de la decoloración son las enfermedades de la piel como el acné o la psoriasis. Luego aparecen las manchas como consecuencia de la inflamación, donde hay una sobreproducción de melanina.

Lamentablemente, este tipo de decoloración es muy persistente. Tienen un tinte rojizo, a veces beige. Los bordes de las manchas suelen estar borrosos. Se localizan donde ha habido lesiones de acné o psoriasis.

Los cosméticos y productos químicos fuertes, que en la concentración incorrecta pueden causar dermatitis graves, también tienen una gran influencia en la apariencia de la decoloración de la piel.

Tratamiento de la decoloración

El primer paso para tratar la decoloración es eliminar el factor que la provoca. Debes dejar de tomar el sol, usar filtros o hacerte pruebas del sistema endocrino.

En lesiones locales, se puede comenzar utilizando una crema aclarante que unifica el tono de la piel y neutraliza la actividad excesiva de la melanina. Además, también debe tener un efecto hidratante y regenerador.

Si la decoloración es más profunda, puede ser necesario utilizar tratamientos dermatológicos más invasivos. Para ello se utilizan peelings químicos o tratamientos con láser. Este tipo de tratamiento se utiliza para manchas de pigmentación avanzada. En la mayoría de los casos, los métodos no invasivos, como las cremas aclarantes, nos ayudarán.

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